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Machine Vision world pulppaper90 The next evolution took place with the advancements in digital image technology that allowed higher resolution and higher speed images to be generated exceeding the old television broadcast standard Kaukas mills off-machine coater in 1993. In 1994 at the Tappi Coating Conference the mill reported a major speed increase. Over the next five years many automated basic software based WMS systems were installed allowing for easier faster and more reliable means of storing and reviewing breaks. Many of these developments were reported at the Tappsa African Pulp and Paper Week Conference in 2002 . The next evolution took place with the advancements in digital image technology that allowed higher resolution and higher speed images to be generated exceeding the old television broadcast standard NTSC in North America PAL in Europe and elsewhere. In 1996 the U.S. Congress authorized the distribution of an additional broadcast channel to every full-power TV station so that each station could launch a digital broadcast channel while simultaneously continuing analog broadcasting. This freed up valuable broadcast spectrum for other communications services and allowed broadcasters to respond to increasing demand from consumers for digital programming. Later Congress set June 12 2009 as the deadline for full power television stations to stop broadcasting analog signals. All stations are now required to broadcast digital television signals with many opting for additional high definition HDTV channels. Just as broadcasters are providing consumers with digital television the machine vision industry has also kept pace and now offers papermakers a wide selection of industrial high- speed digital cameras providing much higher image quality see figure 2 and imaging speed going from 50 or 60 imagessecond to as high as 1000. Along with the new cameras various digital formats had also been evolving. The three primary ones for industrial applications are FireWire CameraLink and GigE-Vision. Of these the GigE- Vision standard has become the preferred choice for several reasons GigE-Vision standard from the Automated Imaging Association AIA is an interface for high- performance machine vision cameras that is widely supported in the industrial imaging industry. GigE is based on the well-known standard Ethernet. GigE has a high data rate of 1000Mbps. Offers the largest selection of industrial cameras. Most economical due to lower cable costs lower camera costs lower interface costs lowest development costs. Longest direct transmission distance of 100 meters 330 ft using standard CAT UTP cable Although developers are constantly looking for ways to increase performance GigE has become the widely supported choice of camera manufacturers and machine vision manufacturers. MusT haVe FeaTures Todays WMS systems are able to provide a paper machine or converting line with a host of powerful features to allow the root cause of the efficiency robbing issue to be solved. When considering a camera system today the following should be the must have list of capabilities 1. Digital cameras high sensitivity uncompressed high resolution high image speed noise free and ability to plug and play accept different cameras including colour. 2. no weak links cameras that stay clean even in the dirtiest locations effective and efficient lighting robust mounting cabling that minimises noise industrial class computers and reliable software. 3. operator friendly intuitive complete and easy to operate software allowing operators to rapidly find the root cause of the break or defect problem. 4. instant download all event data can be immediately analysed before re-threading and breaks can be stored seconds apart without any loss of video information. 5. Long video history sheet wet-end to dry-end transport time plus 2 minutes typical with the ability to extend to several hours for solving defect related problems. Figure 2. Shows the image difference between analog TV broadcast standard on the left compared to higher resolution and higher speed digital GigE cameras