b'SPRAY TRANSFER EFFICIENCIESthe most SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS speed web allowed for evaluation ofREFERENCES influential An investigation into the transferthe actual transfer efficiency produced1.Kullander, J., Evaluation of Furnishesair barrier efficiency of spray fluid was carriedby each arrangement. The knife-edgefor Tissue Manufacturing,mitigation out to examine the effects of potentialtechnique was the most successful,Licentiate Thesis, 2012. techniques boundary layer manipulation hardware.producing an increase in transfer2.Zhu, H., Reichard, D.L., Fox, R.D.,were the Detailed PIV data was acquired in theefficiency of up to 45% relative to theBrazee, R.D., and Ozkan, H.E.,knife-edge boundary layer manipulation region asbaseline. It was also shown that theSimulation of drift of discreteplate and well as the spray/conveyor interactionblow-off nozzle reduced the transfersizes of water droplets fromthe blow-off nozzleregion. Evaluation of the boundaryefficiency by up to 26%. Interestingly,field sprayers, American Society layer thickness and momentumthe blow-off nozzle is one of twoof Agricultural and Biological thickness provided insight into whichtechniques in use in the industry. It isEngineers - Trans. ASAE, 37(5), mitigation techniques increase orpossible that a blow-off nozzle directedpp. 1401-1407, 1994.decrease the size and strength ofdownward through the spray could3.Guler, H., Zhu, H., Ozkan, H.E., Derksen, the air-barrier near the high-speedhelp to increase the transfer efficiency,R.C., Yu, Y., Krause, C.R., Spray web surface. It was found that thebut this study clearly shows that thisCharacteristics and Drift Reduction most influential air barrier mitigationmethod can do more harm than good.Potential with Air Induction and techniques were the knife-edge plateThe other technique often used is aConventional Flat-Fan Nozzles, which produced a boundary layervertical blunt plate, which was shownAmerican Society of Agricultural momentum thickness decrease ofto increase transfer efficiency by up toand Biological Engineers, Trans. 53%, and the blow-off nozzle which32% here, and the recommendationASAE, 50(3), pp. 745-754, 2007.increased the momentum thickness byfor this arrangement is that by tiling the4.Spraying Systems Co., Automatic 123%. Physical collection of the sprayplate upstream, an increase in transfer& Air Atomising Spray Nozzles, material from the surface of the high- efficiency is likely to occur. Catalog 76 AA-AUTO, 2015.Figure 6. Baseline PIV (no manipulation) results with no spray.80 WORLD PULP&PAPER'