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164 61 11 30 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Porosity Int. Bond Stiffness Tensile Tear Bulk -6 -6 FIBREFINE PAPER RESULTS INTERNAL ADDITION With the use of FibreFine produced CNF papermakers have several options for sheet modification. Typically internal dosage would be 25 to shift the sheet performance the desired amount. With CNF present typically the sheet will close up develop higher bond higher stiffness and have increased tensile. Tear results can vary and bulk will decrease slightly. Figure 3 shows the results from a pilot machine run of an 80 gsm sheet. These results are from CNF addition with no additional modifications such as fibre substitution or ash increase. The increase in strength could translate directly to a possible lighter weight sheet in many packaging applications. Additionally options for improved performance in specialty sheets should be considered. Many release or medical packaging grades could benefit from higher bond values. Another option afforded to the papermaker using CNF is to increase the level of sheet ash. In another pilot machine trial we have seen that with the addition of 5 CNF added internally 46 additional ash can be added to the sheet and maintain MD tensile and internal bond. These trends appear to be maintained across The increase in strength could translate directly to a possible lighter weight sheet in many packaging applications softwood less virgin purchased pulp or substitute in more recycled fibre. CNF will also help papermakers as the secondary fibre sources become weaker with lower strength potential. In figure 4 you will see the internal bond gain while using OCC CNF. Use of CNF incorporated into the sheet provides todays paper industry with many options that are not centered on chemistry. Although some chemistry adjustments may be required for production optimisation the natural WORLD PULPPAPER 23 a wide range of ash loadings ranging from 10 to 30. This opens many options for the papermaker trying to balance budget with performance. A third option while using CNF is to introduce a lower cost fibre. Using the FibreFine System any fibre source can be processed into CNF. As an example we have processed OCC into CNF with positive strength results. This lower cost fibre substitution could easily benefit mills struggling with fibre costs. Extrapolating this concept out one could choose to use less Figure 2. GLV_Hydra-Sizer Figure 3. UMaine trial results Figure 4. Internal bond 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Control 1 2.50 5 Ft-lb1000 CNF CNF Internal Addition Change From Control 80 GSM Sheet CNF Internal Addition Internal Bond